Gombe Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies

CLIMATE CHANGE, LAND DEGRADATION AND SECURITY: A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

.. — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Preliminaries Final 2023

THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHERS IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY

B. L. Gadiga — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST NORTH-EAST CONFERENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIAN GEOGRAPHERS (ANG)

THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHERS IN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY

Professor Mala M. Daura — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The role of geographers in climate change mitigation is vital in addressing the complex challenges
posed by the changing climate. Geographers, with their unique expertise in spatial analysis,
understanding of human-environment interactions, and knowledge of the Earth's physical and
social systems, contribute significantly to mitigating the impact of climate change. Through their
interdisciplinary approach, geographers offer valuable insights and solutions that encompass
diverse areas such as land use planning, environmental impact assessment, spatial modelling, and
social and behavioural aspects. Geographers play a key role in spatial analysis and modelling,
utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing to assess greenhouse gas
emissions, vulnerability, and mitigation potential. They identify emission hotspots, evaluate areas
suitable for renewable energy deployment, and assess the effectiveness of various mitigation
strategies. Moreover, geographers contribute to sustainable land use planning and management,
identifying opportunities for carbon sequestration through reforestation, improved land
management practices, and resilient urban planning. Environmental impact assessment is another
area where geographers make significant contributions, evaluating the potential impacts of
development projects on greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, and ecosystems. They help
identify mitigation measures to minimize adverse effects and ensure sustainable and low-carbon
principles are integrated into infrastructure development. Geographers also play a critical role in
understanding the social dimensions of climate change mitigation. They study human behaviour,
public perceptions, and societal responses to promote sustainable lifestyles, energy conservation,
and low-carbon practices. Through their research and expertise, geographers inform strategies
that consider socio-cultural contexts, aiming to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and
societal understanding. Furthermore, geographers contribute to international cooperation and
policy development by providing spatial analysis, data, and expertise. They participate in climate
change negotiations, inform policy frameworks, and evaluate progress towards emissions
reduction goals. Geographers also communicate climate change science and mitigation strategies
to policymakers, stakeholders, and the public, raising awareness and fostering engagement. To
effectively fulfill their role, geographers require support in the form of research funding, data
access and sharing, interdisciplinary collaboration, policy integration, education, public
engagement, and long-term planning. By providing these supports, policymakers, research
institutions, and society can empower geographers to make significant contributions to climate
change mitigation.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF GULLY EROSION CONTROL MEASURES IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA.

Danladi Aliyu, Hauwa Abubakar — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study assessed the current status of some of gully erosion sites in Gombe Metropolis using
some specific objectives which included identifying the length of the controlled and
uncontrolled gully erosion sites, identifying the type of control method used. Data for this study
were collected through both primary and secondary sources. the primary sources included
data collected from the gully sites on the gullies that either fully controlled, partially
controlled, or uncontrolled at all, coordinates of each of these gullies were taken from each
site for easy identification of gully location, information from relevant agencies such as state
ministry of environment, NEWMAP Gombe, and other published materials were used as
secondary data in the study. Tables were used to present the results of the study. The study
revealed that, engineering control method is the dominant gully erosion control measures in
the study area, the study further revealed that the total length of all the gullies under study was
62.64km, this represented about 3.9% of the total area covered by the study area. The length
of gully sections controlled out of the total partially controlled gullies at the time of the study
was 5.5km representing 8.9% of the total. On the other hand, the total length of gullies tagged
fully controlled in the area was 10.4km. This implies that the total length of all the gullies
sections fully controlled was 15.9km. This figure represented 25.33% out of the total gully
length. The study recommend the need to identify and adopt other effective alternative control
method in the study area in order to reduce cost of gully control. The study also recommend
the need for government to avoid abandoning control effort half way in order to avoid the
failure of the earlier controlled sections due to long neglect which as a result may leads to loss
of more resources.

TERRAIN CHARACTERIZATION AND VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION IN WAWA ZANGE WOODLAND, GOMBE STATE

Pudza J. Yerima, Didams Gideon, Grace O. Abu — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focused on the Wawa Zange Woodland Reserve in Gombe State, Nigeria, with the
primary aim of understanding its terrain characteristics and the distribution of vegetation types to
support sustainable forest management. The study employed GIS as a tool in assessing the terrain
characteristics, as well as transects sampling techniques to measure the distribution of vegetation
species in the study area. The study identified various vegetation types, highlighting their
distribution, size, spatial arrangement, and ecological importance. Among the dominant
vegetation species were Commiphora Africana, Strerospernumkunthianum, and
Amorphophallus abyssinicus, which contributed significantly to the forest's ecosystem. The most
significant finding was the wide altitudinal range, from 260 meters at the lowest point to 624
meters at the highest, with the mid-elevation range of 301 to 600 meters covering 91% of the total
area. The study recommends Identifying areas with unique ecological characteristics, such as
high-elevation zones and sensitive habitats by the Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) and
Federal Ministry of Environment (FMOE). Implement targeted conservation measures to protect
these areas and their associated biodiversity.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF NUMBER OF DAMS ON SOME GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS.

Daniel, Biyenta Elijah, Makaranta, Togor M.B — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study carried-out a statistical analysis of the impacts of number of dams on some development
indicators of countries around the world. Specifically, it investigated the impacts of the number of
dams on the percentage of the population with access to clean water and electricity. Additionally,
it explored the effects of the number of dams on the contribution of agriculture and tourism to a
country's GDP, as well as the overall GDP of these nations. Data for this study were obtained
from reputable international such as UNDP, FAO, UNICEF, WHO, ICOLD, WTO, and the World
bank. The collected data were cleaned and organized into tables based on country-specific
information. The data were then subjected to bivariate regression analysis using IBM SPSS
(version 21), and the results were presented in tables and charts. The findings revealed that the
number of dams in a country has a significant impact on the overall GDP but does not significantly
affect the percentage of the population with access to clean water and electricity. Furthermore,
the study found no significant relationship between the number of dams and the contribution of
agriculture and tourism to a country's GDP. Based on these results, the study concluded that the
number of dams a country develops does not have a substantial influence on the quality of life of
its citizens. Consequently, the study recommends redirecting resources towards improving the
quality of existing dams rather than constructing new ones. It also suggests maximizing the
efficiency of existing infrastructure and exploring alternative sustainable and renewable options
that offer the same services as dams for sustainable development.

ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ADOPTED AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN JALINGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

Paulinus Ifeanyi Chukwu — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The generation of municipal solid waste has surged due to factors such as population growth,
urbanization, and economic expansion. However, achieving environmentally sustainable
management remains a global challenge. This study aimed to look into the solid waste
management strategies used and how well they worked in the Jalingo Local Government Area.
400 copies of structured questionnaire were distributed at random to the households in Jalingo,
and the study used both primary and secondary data for the study. The information gathered
includes the respondent's demographics (Sex, Age, Marital Status, and Occupation), the region's
solid waste management techniques, their efficacy, the locations of garbage collection points, and
the ministry employees tasked with collecting the waste. Females made up the bulk of responders
(55%), while the overall response rate was 84%. Open dumping (38%) is the major solid waste
management practiced in the study area, and the reason for the choice of solid waste management
practiced in the study area was it reduces volume and concentration of waste (24%) in the study
area, but the respondents also attest that the practices was not effective (52%). The study also
showed that 71% of the respondents generate their waste daily while 18% dispose of their waste
daily

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED AND THEIR STORAGE FACILITIES IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

Paulinus Ifeanyi Chukwu — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, managing solid waste has become one of Nigeria's biggest problems, especially
in metropolitan and semi-urban areas. The problem of waste generation, handling and disposal
has reached a disturbing level in Nigerian urban centers. The study analyzed solid waste
management practices in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. These were achieved through
characterizing the types of solid wastes generated and ascertain the solid waste storage facilities
of the study area. The majority of the information used in this study came from the distribution of
a questionnaire, with additional information coming from oral interviews, direct field
observations, and photographs of the subject area. Tables of frequencies and percentages were
used to provide answers to the study questions. Tests of the relationship's Pearson product moment
correlation coefficient were conducted. The findings demonstrated that the majority of the solid
waste generated in the study area was organic waste (53%). The storage facilities in the study
area were a dustbin, polybag, refuse cart, and nearby refuse heap. The Pearson product moment
correlation coefficient analysis showed strong and significant differences between the solid wastes
generated and sold waste storage facilities in the study area, with an alpha value of 0.05. The
findings of this study showed that the characteristics of the solid waste generated are not in line
with the storage facilities. This implies that not much attention has been given to solid waste
management in the study area. The study also recommends public awareness to promote waste
management practices; more government approved waste collection centers, awareness campaign
on waste reduce, reuse, recycle and waste separation method in the study area.

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIATION ON THE INCIDENCES OF SOCIAL VICES IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

Usman, J, Zemba, A.A.,, Jimoh, A. I., Sati, R. S., Ahmed, A, Salihu, A — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change is one of the leading human and environmental crises of the 21st century. Several
scholars have observed that beside the physical aspect of the society that climate change has great
impact, it also impacts our social life. Many studies in the past have found that climatic elements
such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine have a significant impact on human behavior at times
leading toward aggression which in turn could lead to an increase in crimes rate. Therefore,
understanding climatic changes and variability becomes very important not only for solving
environmental problems but also social. This study asses the climatic trends in Gombe metropolis,
located between latitude 9o
30' and 12o
30'N and longitude 8o
45' and 11o
45'E, then correlates them
with criminal activities in the area. Crime data was collected from the Nigerian Police Force
headquarters in Gombe while data on climatic elements was collected from the Upper Benue River
Basin development Authority office in Yola, for the weather station they maintain in Gombe. The
result shows that maximum temperature has a significant relationship with theft, burglary and
assault in the area but minimum temperature has shown no significant relationship with any of the
listed crimes. It was also found by employing a multiple regression analysis that maximum
temperature are low predictors of Burglary (R=0.106) and moderate predictors of theft (R=0.264)
and assault (R=0.169). This study recommended more weather monitoring, taking environmental
factors such as climate into prediction of crimes and crime protections and more studies into other
aspects of climate and crimes in the study area and the country at large.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF RURAL ROAD NETWORK ON THE PATRONAGE OF RURAL MARKETS IN LAFIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Falalu Mohammed Mohammed, Idoma Kim, Maiguwa Comfort C — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the relationship between rural road infrastructure and access to rural markets
in Lafia Local Government Area (LGA) of Nasarawa State. The main objectives of the study are
to map out the rural road and market centres in the area, categorize the different types of rural
markets, and assesse the challenges faced by the patronizers of rural markets. The research
methodology involves a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data
collection through surveys, interviews, field observations, and focus group discussions.
Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping was used to analyze the spatial distribution of
rural markets in relation to the road network. The study adopts purposive sampling to select wards
with rural periodic markets, ultimately choosing four wards for the research. The study found out
that the market centers were sparsely distributed and categorized into daily (20%) and periodic
markets (80%). The major challenges faced by traders were poor condition (potholes,
waterlogging) of road (21%), high transport charges (45%) and reduction in market patronage
(19%). The implications of the study are the poor condition of rural roads is not only a
transportation issue but also has broader economic and social implications, affecting the wellbeing of the local population and the functioning of the markets in the study area.

EFFECTS OF POPULATION PRESSURE ON RESOURCE AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

Gabriel, A.T, Baba, Philip — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Yearly flooding in Taraba state is not solely as a result of climate change. The anthropogenic
temperament of nature has generated erratic rainfall with high rainfall intensity, shortening of the
rain season with serious flooding, increased heat stress causing wilting of seedlings, reduction in
yield and crop failure, fast decline of soil fertility, a consequent hike in the price of food crops,
food insecurity on the increase and now herder- farmer crises. The recent declaration of state of
emergency on exploitation of the environment by the Executive Governor of Taraba State on the
prohibition of mining and mining activities across the state is not unconnected to ongoing
uncoordinated and uncontrolled exploitation of the environment in Taraba state. Using personal
observation, literature review, GIS satellite imagery and TSBS documentary, this paper describes
the various processes of settlement dynamics with strategic options for managing the challenges
that may erupt as a result of the continuous interaction between man and his environment. It
assesses the obstacles and opportunities that need to be considered as we think about how to
develop sustainable communities. It provides an explanation not only of the settlement system
within but also directs attention to the link between land use change and the consequent
environmental habitat problem. Advice the stakeholders of the state on the decision to be taken on
the erosion and consequent landslide in Gembu and the incessant flooding in Jalingo and environs.

FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING USING THE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TECHNIQUE: CASE OF OUAGADOUGOU MUNICIPALITY IN BURKINA FASO

KAFANDO H, 2OUEDRAOGO B, OJEH V. N, Rienow A,, MILLOGO, A. M. D — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ouagadougou is highly exposed to the risk of natural disasters such as flooding as a result of poor
urban planning, the physical environment and climate change. The aim of this study is to use
remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools combined with multi-criteria
analysis using Saaty's AHP method to map flood-prone areas in the municipality of Ouagadougou.
The methodological approach adopted is a combination of GIS and Saaty's AHP analysis method.
Seven decision criteria considered to be risk factors were selected. These are the hydrographic
network, altitude, slope, rainfall, soil types, land use and soil moisture index. These various factors
were mapped and classified using the open source software QGIS; standardised, prioritised and
aggregated in a GIS environment and analysed using the AHP method. The results obtained show
the map of different flood susceptibility zones in the Ouagadougou municipality. These flood
vulnerability zones were classified into five classes of flood susceptibility zones. These are zones
of very low vulnerability to flooding (24.48%), low vulnerability (27.93%), medium vulnerability
(23.01%), high vulnerability (17.11%) and very high vulnerability (7.47%). Since data is the
foundation of GIS application studies, we suggest collecting and regularly updating satellite
images, making high-resolution and precise drone images available for the Ouagadougou
commune, creating a free-access data geoportal, and training and raising awareness among
professionals and disaster managers about the effective use of data. It will also enhance their
technical skills in risk mapping and spatial analysis. This work is a real decision-making tool for
the management, prevention and mitigation of flood disaster risks in the Ouagadougou
municipality.

ANALYSIS OF THE MOVEMENTS OF CIVIL SERVANTS TO WORK PLACES IN GOMBE METROPOLIS. GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Dan Y, Yason Benison — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The movement of civil servants within urban areas plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of
both public administration and urban development. This abstract presents a comprehensive
overview of the patterns, drivers, and implications of civil servant movement within Gombe
Metropolis, Nigeria, with a specific focus on their transportation preferences and commuting
distances. Research findings from descriptive statistics, indicate several key insights. Firstly, 47.4
percent of civil servants within the metropolis afford public means of transportation (Taxi, Okada
and Tricycles) to reach their places of work, highlighting the significant reliance on the public
transport system as a fundamental element of their daily lives. Additionally, 28.9 percent utilize
private vehicles, indicating the presence of private car ownership among this demographic.
Notably, 23.7 percent of civil servants do not use any means of transport and instead rely on
trekking as their primary mode of commuting, underlining the importance of pedestrian mobility.
Further analysis reveals that civil servants, on average, travel a distance of 3.5 kilometers to reach
their places of work from their residences. This relatively short commuting distance underscores
the compact nature of Gombe Metropolis and emphasizes the need for efficient transportation
options within the city. Moreover, specific neighborhoods such as Tunfure, Shamaki (Tudun Wada)
and GRA have recorded the highest concentration of civil servants, indicating spatial patterns that
have significant implications for urban planning, resource allocation, and service provision.
Understanding these transportation preferences and commuting distances is vital for urban
planners, policymakers, and local authorities. It provides essential insights for enhancing
transportation infrastructure, mitigating traffic congestion, and ultimately improving the overall
quality of life for civil servants and the broader population in Gombe Metropolis. These findings
serve as a foundation for evidence-based decision-making and sustainable urban development in
the region.

ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC PROPERTIES FOR PRIORITIZATION OF SUBWATERSHEDS FOR EROSION CONTROL IN MAGARYA CATCHMENT, GOMBE METROPOLIS, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA.

Musa Auwal Ahmad, Bala Bello Wanah — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on the prioritization of erosion-prone sub-watersheds within the Magarya
Catchment, Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria, utilizing morphometric analysis. Advanced remote
sensing data, specifically the 30m resolution DEM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
(SRTM), was employed to create drainage networks and delineate sub-watersheds using ArcGIS
software. Six distinct sub-watersheds (SW1–SW6) were identified and assessed based on various
morphometric parameters, including linear, relief, and areal characteristics. Twelve
morphometric parameters were selected to rank and prioritize these sub-watersheds. The study
reveals notable findings, such as: The dominance of dendritic drainage patterns in the basin,
indicative of homogeneous texture and impermeable geological features. SW-4 and SW-5
identified as fifth-order streams, suggesting higher volume stream flow compared to others. The
total number of streams ranging from 12 (SW-6) to 89 (SW-5), indicating lithological diversity
among sub-watersheds. The longest total stream length of 62.5 km observed in SW-2. SW-6
exhibits the lowest drainage density at 2.63 km/km2, suggesting permeable materials and high
infiltration rates. SW3 categorized as having a high susceptibility to soil erosion, covering 28.91%
of the total study area. This study did not assess the Cross-profile of the river, it recommends
further investigations in this regard. Additionally, the study suggests implementing soil
conservation practices such as bunds, check dams, micro-basins, and planting past growing plants
species in strategic locations based on suitable design parameters.

ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC PROPERTIES FOR PRIORITIZATION OF SUBWATERSHEDS FOR EROSION CONTROL IN MAGARYA CATCHMENT, GOMBE METROPOLIS, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA.

Richard S. Thlakma, Abubakar A. Jajere, Godwin A. Songu , Yakubu Vandi — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO FLOOD DISASTER IN KIRI DAM’S CATCHMENT, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Ikusemoran Mayomi, Zemba, A.A, Tukur, A.L — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since Kiri reservoir was impounded, the catchment has been reported to have witnessed
serious annual flood disaster since 2012, especially in 2012, 2015, 2018, 2019 and 2020, which
has resulted into loss of lives and properties and displacement of several people. While flood
vulnerability expresses the impact of disturbance on the communities, resilience describes the
capacity of the communities to absorb the shock. Hence, the need for the study of community
resilience to flood in the area. Three communities were purposively sampled based on the
frequency, intensity and extent of floods obtained during the reconnaissance survey. That is,
Banjiram, in Guyuk LGA in the western side, Gombiyel in Shelleng LGA at the eastern side of
the dam’s reservior. and Bare in Numan LGA at the downstream of the reservoir. The
framework of community resilience by Batica et al, 2013 which consists of five dimensions:
Built Environment, Organization and Institute, Science and Technology, Natural Environment
and Social Economics that was adopted for this study. Questionnaire on community resilience
to flood were set for all the indicators of the dimensions with value ‘1’ as the least resilience
and ‘4’ for the highest resilience. The threshold was determined so that indicators with their
values below the threshold were dropped, while those that are equal to or greater were selected
for the study. The mean of the indicator (the higher the value of the mean of a community, the
higher the resilience to flood disaster) were weighted and ranked using AHP in order to
determine the level of resilience of each of the indicators of all the dimensions. Banjiram has
the highest resilience to flood with a mean of 4.36 followed by Bare community (2.35) while
Gombiyel was the least with a mean of 2.28. The indicator with the least resilience in the three
communities was house structures with percentage weights of 2.19, 3.44 and 3.61 in Bare,
Banjiram and Gombiyel respectively. Among the dimensions in the three communities, socioeconomic with vulnerable population and individual capability have the highest resilience with
an overall weight of 0.437 and 0.287 respectively. Since built environment and natural
environment were the least two influences of strategies. It was recommended that the two
strategies be strengthened in all the communities

LEAST COST PATH ANALYSIS OF YOLA ROAD TO BAUCHI ROAD, GOMBE STATE USING MULTI CRITERIA ANALYSIS

Luka Wunukhen, Husamaldin M. Bobboi, Oyedepo T. Prevail — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Least Cost Path Analysis and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a method used for
optimizing transportation planning between two specific locations, referred to as the "source" and
the "destination. The core aim of this project is to create a cost effective alternative for travelling
along Yola road and Bauchi road without having to pass through Gombe town to reduce influx of
traffic in the town. And to achieve this goal this project employed the technique of least cost path
analysis using MCDA to determine the important criteria and sub-criteria, the weight of each
criteria and sub-criteria, and generating cost surface, cost distance, cost backlink and the LCP,
we utilized various geospatial data sources, including Sentinel satellite imagery, Alos Palser DEM
(Digital Elevation Model) data, soil data and geological data. The software tool ArcMap 10.8 was
employed for data analysis and processing. The Criteria taken into consideration, includes land
use and land cover, slope characteristics, geological features, and soil types using Geographic
Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) the weight of each criterion was determined
by Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) and the MCDA revealed that the LCP method used offers
a significantly and cost effective route option when compared to the existing path. This study was
conducted to develop a Least Cost Pathway (LCP) between a point along Yola road and another
point along Bauchi road in Gombe state. A least cost path Map of the area was generated with the
path being 9.9km from the source point to the destination which is 5.07km shorter than the existing
path which is 14.977km from the Same. The LCP analysis is based on analytical techniques that
provide efficient tools that should be employed for future Route planning in the region.

IMPACT OF LAND-USE ON SOIL QUALITY IN FILIYA, SHONGOM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA.

Markus B, Jimoh I. A., Khalifa M. U, Abubakar M — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Information on impact of different land-use types on soil quality is crucial for sustainable land
management practices. The assessment of the impact of land-use on soil quality in Filiya, Shongom
LGA was studied. Three land-use types were selected from the study area (Groundnut, Millet and
Rice). Each land use was subdivided into three (3) plots; five soil samples were taken at the four
corners and center of each subplot at soil depth of 0 - 30cm. Both undisturbed and disturbed soil
samples were taken. Six (6) undisturbed soil samples were taken by core- sampler to measure the
soil bulk density, whereas nine (9) disturbed soil samples were taken by using a soil auger to
measure the selected soil physical and chemical properties and subjected to laboratory soil
analysis. The result shows that bulk density were all <1.6g m-3
and this indicates that air and water
movement in the soils are optimum for plant growth and development. Soil pH in Groundnut land
use was slightly acid to neutral while pH in Millet land and Rice land were all neutral. The soil
organic carbon was rated medium in Groundnut land use while Millet and Rice land use were
rated low (< 10 g.kg-1
). The total nitrogen content was all rated low (< 1.5 g.kg-1
) in all the three
croplands. The available phosphorus was rated high in Millet while it was rated low in both
Groundnut land and Rice land use (< 10 mg.kg-1
). The ECe was rated low across the three
croplands. The soils in Groundnut land were higher in quality with no major limitation, soils in
Millet land were moderate in quality due to low organic carbon content and high phosphorus and
soils in Rice land use were lowest in quality due to low soil nutrients.Therefore, farmers should
periodically fallow their lands to build up organic matter, stabilize soil aggregates, improves
nutrients cycles for sustainable productivity.

PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENTS ON MENACE OF AIRCRAFT NOISE IN THE MAIDUGURI AIRPORT AREA, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the perception of residents of Maiduguri international airport area on menace
caused by aircraft noise in the study area. To determine the sample size for this research, Krejcie
and Morgan’s (1970) table of determining sample size was adopted, 420 sample size was adopted
for questionnaire administration purpose. The study used a quantitative research approach and
collected data from 363 respondents through questionnaire administration. The research utilized
the mean ranking in analysing the data obtained from the field. The research revealed that aircraft
noise negatively impacts the behaviour of the residents. The study also found that residents are
willing to stay in the neighbourhood due to the presence of security personnel in the area but are
disturbed by the menace associated with aircraft noise. These menace as identified by the study
include vibration, noise pollution, disturbance to sleep, interference to speech and other forms of
communication, lack of comfort, temporary hearing loss, reduced opportunity for privacy,
vibration and annoyance. The study therefore recommends among other things that investors and
property developers should consider the effects of noise on the health and psyche of the residents
before embarking on building and construction of residential property, individuals and
government should embark on the upgrading of sound insulation on buildings to reduce the
negative impacts of aircraft noise to enhance the quality of urban life of tenants. Government
through urban development board should also ensure proper land use planning which is an
obvious and almost universally accepted technique for minimizing the negative impact of airport
noise in areas adjacent to airports

Analysis of urban traffic flow problems in Gombe Metropolis.

Serah I, Jonathan M.B, Benison Y — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on the comprehensive analysis of problems of urban traffic flow in Gombe
metropolis. The research involved the random selection of 471 respondents across the 14
political wards that constitute the Gombe metropolis. Data collection employed a welldesigned questionnaire and on-site observations. The accumulated data were analysis and
presented using techniques such as frequency distribution, percentages, and pie charts. The
study findings underscore that traffic congestion accounts for 36% of the traffic flow
predicaments within the study area. This particular challenge is prominently observed on
routes intersecting commercial and residential zones. Notable congestion hotspots include
Herwa Gana road, Sabon Layi-Jekadafari road, and PDP road. These road corridors suffer
from encroachment by small-scale traders, leading to a reduction in the smooth flow of traffic.
Furthermore, approximately 30% of traffic problem in the metropolis stem from issues such as
reckless driving and unregulated parking on arterial roads. This concern particularly
contributes to a substantial portion of traffic accidents on routes like Gombe-Bauchi, GombeYola, and Gombe-Biu. The indiscriminate and uncontrolled parking of vehicles along these
roads has culminated in a recurring pattern of accidents, with fatal incidents becoming an
unfortunate routine. The adverse consequences encompass not only the loss of lives and
property but also prolonged travel times and elevated transportation costs. In light of these
findings, the study recommends a series of proactive measures. Firstly, the state's Ministry of
Environment and Commerce should institute and enforce regulations pertaining to trading
activities on main roads. Additionally, the Ministry of Works and Transport should explore the
feasibility of relocating major motor parks, such as Gombe Line and Tashan Bauchi, to the
outskirts of the metropolis. This strategic step could potentially alleviate traffic congestion in
heavily frequented areas. Moreover, the establishment and rigorous enforcement of traffic
signs and regulations are imperative. This endeavor is crucial to maintaining order and safety
on the roads, ultimately contributing to a smoother traffic flow.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF INSECURITY ON ROAD TRANSPORTATION IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

Usman Jibrin Gani, Ogbole J. E — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study assessed the effects of insecurity on road transportation in Kaduna state, Nigeria.
insecurity in Kaduna state has being a major challenge bedeviling the effective functioning of
transport system evidenced by relatively high number of accidents, frequent armed robbery
incidents and a rising wave of kidnapping on most highways. The study adopted a triangulation
method of data gathering techniques. Clustered sampling technique was use for administration of
questionnaire in the study area. One major market in each of the three senatorial zones (Kaduna
North, Central and South) of the state was purposively selected for the study based on popularity
of the markets in terms of volume of economic activities. These markets served as collection centers
for the target population. Both descriptive and inferential statics were used in the data analysis.
The results indicated that three types of insecurities (Kidnapping (26%), Ethnic Attack (24%), and
Religious Attack (18%) are more pronounce in the state. The results of the Correlation indicated
that transportation is negatively affected by kidnapping, ethnic and religious attacks with 6.16%,
10.7% and 8.7% respectively. Equally, the co-efficient of multiple correlations (R) indicated 0.143,
a multiple R square of 0.021 and Adjusted R2=0.012. The study recommended that since the types
of insecurity vary from place to place, understanding the effects of these varied insecurity gives a
room for the adoption of suitable mechanism for tackling the problem. In conclusion, the safety of
transport system, especially our road transports have bedeviled with so many criminal activities
spatially varied across the state.

CHANGES AND CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE IN SOUTHERN TARABA

Patrick Sunday Asa, Ambrose Audu Zemba — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examined trends of annual precipitation and temperature. Precipitation and
temperature data for the period 1993-2022 were obtained from WorldClim.org. Onset,
cessation and length of rainy season were analyzed to determine the changes in the rainfall
characteristics using relevant equations. Descriptive statistical analysis tools were used to
describe the characteristics of precipitation and temperature; linear trend analysis was used
to determine the trend of the changes while Fisher's F-test was used to determine the statistical
significance of the change. The result of the analysis shows that annual precipitation amount
between the period 1993-2022 vary from 733.85 mm to 2238.4 mm. Rainy days in the study
area also vary from 164 days to 262 days. Onset of rain in the last decade (2012-2022) has
change from March-April to April-May in Ibi, Wukari and Donga while at Takum and Ussa,
the shift was observed from March to April. Cessation on the other has not significantly change.
Rainfall trend analysis shows that Ibi, Donga and Takum were characterized by negative
values of the linear trend (Takum -217 mm/10 years, Donga -64.5 mm/10years and Ibi-25
mm/10years) indicating decrease in the precipitation amount in the period (1993-2022).
Average values of mean temperature for the period 1993-2022 vary from 27.64 oC at Ussa
station to 28.17 oC while average mean temperature range for the period of study was 2.60 oC.
Linear trend analysis results of temperature shows positive values indicating a significant
general increase in temperature over the study period in all the stations. The study recommends
proper dissemination of agro-climatic information for appropriate adjustment and adaptations
by farmers in the study for sustainable agricultural development.

HARNESSING JUKUN CULTURAL HERITAGE FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Orga, D.Y & Adahos, H.N.

Orga, D.Y, Adahos, H.N — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nigeria is one of the most culturally diverse countries in Africa with over 250 major and minor
ethnic groups. Among these 250 major and minor ethnic groups is the Jukun in Taraba State
mostly living in Wukari, Takum and Ibi. The objectives of the study are to identify the Jukun
cultural heritage and assess the level of development of these cultural heritages. The study
population consisted of One Hundred and Twenty-Five (125) respondents/ residents of Wukari,
Takum and Ibi who are 25 years old or above and twenty (20) Jukun traditional members were
selected for Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). A total of One Hundred and Twenty-five (125)
copies of questionnaire were randomly administered to respondents/ Jukun residents in Wukari,
Takum and Ibi. In all, a total of One hundred and twenty-two (122) questionnaires were retrieved,
which response rate is 97%. The Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involved twenty (20) Jukun
traditional members with interest in the cultural heritage. In all, ten (10) FGDs were held in four
(4) different locations, Wukari, Takum and Ibi. The data analyzed using descriptive statistics
shows that Jukun are richly endowed with cultural heritage which open a wide avenue for
recreation and tourism activities. These cultural heritage are games: Anga, Langa, Vinvin, Adzwe;
music, songs and dance: Akishe, Ajo Kweku (Goge, Ajo Kovo); masquerades and festivals: Aku
Wa-Shon, Atukun, Puje. The Jukun games, music, songs, dance, masquerades and festival are
developed as stated by respondents. This implies that these cultural heritages have the potentials
to contribute to tourism development in the study areas. However, appropriate steps need to be
taken to harness the Jukun games, music, songs, dance, masquerades and festivals. These
appropriate steps suggested are creation of awareness of Jukun cultural heritage, mobilization of
fund for promotion of Jukun cultural heritage, involvement of private investment in Jukun cultural
heritage, and making of calendar of Jukun cultural heritage events

UTILIZING LOCAL CONTENTS AND ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM IN NIGERIA

ORGA, D.Y (Ph.D) — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Tourism is everything and anything that has creative or natural capacity to arouse people’s
interest to move from place to place. The study used content analysis to examine the utility of local
contents for hospitality and tourism and ways to address the challenges of hospitality and tourism
in Nigeria. Nigeria’s local contents for tourism are natural resources and man-made features.
These natural resources and man-made features are ocean beaches, Nigeria’s vegetation, the
Nigerian slave routes, wildlife, games reserves and wetlands, arts and crafts, festivals, monuments,
sites and museums. Nigeria local contents for hospitality are food and cuisine. Foods: Moi-moi,
Akara, Massa and Danwake. Soups: efo riro soup, egussi soup, edikanggikong soup, Ogbono soup,
okoho soup, nsala soup, ofe-owerri soup, fisherman soup, owho soup, rivers native soup,
groundnut soup, gbegiri soup, okazi soup, okro soup, oha soup, miyan kuka, banga soup, and
pepper soup. Drinks: Zobo and Palm Wine, Kunungyada, Kunun Aya and Kunun Accha. Fruits:
mangoes, orange and banana. The challenges of hospitality and tourism in Nigeria are poor
infrastructural amenities, poverty hinders domestic tourism, barrier to tourism is the absence of
organisational and infrastructural capacity at a national level, corruption is another serious
deterrent as it undermines government efficiency, deters potentials investors in the tourism
industry and scares off investors, safety and security is one notorious barrier to the sector,
packaging and showcasing of Nigeria tourism products is at its lowest, attitude and image is vital
tourism performance, human resources, branding issue such as instilling authenticity of local
culture, technology, customer issues, etc. These challenges have locked Nigeria out of the benefits
that the hospitality and tourism industries can offer. It has been recommended that concerted
efforts should be made to address the mentioned challenges that are positive action must be taken
by three main constituencies: host communities, host governments, and foreign stakeholders

ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION IN DADINKOWA, YAMALTU DEBA LGA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Sule S, Abashiya M, Didams G — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In semi-arid regions, the quality of irrigation water and soil salinity were the main factors limiting
agricultural yield in irrigation schemes. The increasing salinity of groundwater used in hot, dry
regions with limited rainfall limits the variety of crops that can be produced. Therefore, it is crucial
to ascertain the quality of the irrigation water. This study examined the physicochemical
composition of the groundwater at the Dadin-kowa irrigation site and determined if it was suitable
for irrigation. Using 1.5 liter sterilized bottles, four (4) water samples were taken from boreholes.
The samples were then tested using conventional protocols for key physicochemical quality
parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, HCO-3, CI-, SO-4, NO3-, K+, SAR, and
SSP. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) standard recommendations were followed in
the quality evaluation of each parameter of the water samples for irrigation suitability. The
findings of the study revealed that most of the tested parameters, including CI-(385.8 ± 104.3
mg/l), K+(5.5 ± 2.9 mg/l), Na+(70.2 ± 26.8 mg/l), Mg++(24.2 ± 5.05 mg/l), Ca++(32.0 ± 2.83
mg/l), and Na+(70.2 ± 26.8 mg/l) were found to be higher than the FAO threshold level for
irrigation. This led to the conclusion that there are now a lot of risks connected to using
groundwater for irrigation in the research region. Therefore, stress the necessity of using the
area's water quality as a reference for suitable management methods in irrigated agriculture in
order to preserve the soil's current productivity and reap the benefits of a high crop yield.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF INTERNALLY DISPALCED PERSONS ON THE HOST COMMUNITIES IN GOMBE TOWN NIGERIA

Abubakar Maryam, Sati Rabecca, Kim Idoma — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are individuals or groups of people who have been forced to
flee their homes or places of habitual residence due to conflicts, violence, human rights violations,
natural disasters, or other reasons but remain within the borders of their own country. This study
aims to explore the impact of IDPs on host communities in Gombe town, focusing on both the
positive and negative effects. A mixed-methods approach was employed to gather comprehensive
data on the impact of the IDP presence on the host communities. The primary sources of data were
key informant interviews, questionnaire administration, and surveys conducted among host
community members to assess their perceptions and experiences. The findings reveal both positive
and negative effects of the IDP presence on host communities. The majority (65%) of the IDPs
reside in Pantami and its environs, which present opportunities for social cohesion, economic
growth, and cultural exchange. Additionally, the study revealed increased demand for food (
=3.7), increased risk of disease outbreaks ( =3.7), and pressure on infrastructure and services (
=3.7) as constraints on the host community. The study reveals that the presence of internally
displaced persons (IDPs) has both positive and negative impacts on host communities. While they
boost local businesses and cultural exchange, they also strain resources and increase the risk of
disease outbreaks. To maximize benefits, targeted interventions like healthcare, sustainable food
security programs, and infrastructure development are recommended.

ASSESSMENT OF SETBACKS FROM THE CENTRE OF THE ROAD TO INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES USING SPATIAL DATA IN WAZIRI IBRAHIM HOUSING ESTATE, DAMATURU TOWN, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA.

Isa Muhammad Zumo, Babagana Boso, Kazeem Makanjuola Kamoli — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) comprises geographic information about the earth’s surface and
its features. This information was in the form of coordinates that describe physical developments
in towns and cities. However, these physical developments were not properly coordinated due to
differences in projection and datum used. Hence, the right of way from the centre of roads to
building lines, power lines and water pipelines was ignored. Scholars and media houses continue
to inform the government and general public on the dangers of ignoring the right of way during
construction as this leads to accidents, uncontrolled fire outbreaks and in some cases demolition
of buildings. This study assesses the setbacks from the centre of the road to the building line, power
line and water pipeline in Waziri Ibrahim Housing Estate in Damaturu Town, Yobe State. Ground
and satellite data for these features were collected and analysed. The results indicated that the
power lines encroached on top of buildings by a distance ranging from 3 to 7m, while the water
pipelines intruded on residential buildings by 2 to 5m which violates the town planning
regulations. Setbacks from the centre of the road to the building lines were reduced from 3 to 7m.
It was recommended that SDI be set up at the state government level so that state ministries of
works, housing; power holding companies and water corporations use spatial data generated by
their respective Surveyors with the same projection and origin. This will contribute to the
realisation of SDG 11 targets 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3. Enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization
and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and
management in all countries.

TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER REGISTRATION IN ISA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA

L. Barau, N. G. Sahabi, M. Sani — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The deficiency of awareness and knowledge among the people on the importance of registration
of national identity number and inadequate centers coupled with lack of government commitments
to build up a national system of identity management that could serve its present needs and meet
its future desires hinder the registration and lead to low coverage. The study examines the trends
of national identification number registration in the study area. It used both qualitative and
quantitative methods. Two set of data were used: one was obtained from archives of the National
Identity Management Commission (NIMC) 2018-2022 and the other was through in-depth
interview involving head and two others NIMC officials in the study area. Line graph was used to
show the trends and content analysis employed to highlight the major challenges facing national
identification number registration. It reveals that at the being (2018) the registration is low and it
shot up in 2021 and 2022, but in 2020 the center registered the lowest records of national
identification number do to COVID-19 experience in the country and many people were unable to
register at that period. It also shows that, the challenges that hindered the smooth running of
registration of national identification number include lack of awareness, people perceptions, level
of government commitments, inadequate centers and lack of adequate funding among others. The
study recommends that there is need for massive awareness campaigns on the national
identification number registration and it importance for national planning by the governments as
well as more centres should be established by National Identity Management Commission.

LOCAL CLIMATE ZONE (LCZ) CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND OF BENIN CITY, EDO STATE NIGERIA

Aruya E. I., Afolayan O.S, Adetunji S — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The climate in cities and other built up areas is altered most by human modifications during
urbanization. This makes urban areas to be warmer than their rural surroundings, a phenomenon
called urban heat island (UHI). The study examined the classification of Benin City according to
the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme prescribed by Stewart and Oke (2012) with a view of
delineating fairly aligned climate zones. The data used for this study include: geo-coordinates,
elevation, satellite imageries and eye-level photograph of sites and surface cover data. Metadata
was used in preparing datasheets for all the probable zones. Google Earth satellite pictures of
sites were downloaded from the internet using the Google Earth software. Geo-coordinates of the
sites were used to trace their exact position. The result revealed that Benin City aligned to 10 out
of the 16 established LCZs which are compact midrise, compact low-rise, open high-rise, open
mid-rise, open low-rise, low plants, lightweight low-rise, large low-rise, sparsely built and heavy
industry. This can be used as climate recording sites for further studies

APPRAISAL OF METEOROLOGICAL FLOODS EVENTS OVER YOBE STATE, NORTHEAST, NIGERIA (1965-2015).

Lawan Bulama, Ejeh Lawrence Udeh, Adamu Ibrahim, Fatima M. Alamai — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper seeks to examine floods occurrence along with its frequency, duration, and magnitude
in Yobe State, Northeast, Nigeria for the period of fifty (50) years. Rainfall pattern was thoroughly
inspected in the light of trend so as to ascertain its effect on the occurrence of flood over the study
area. Scatter plot and its line of best fits and simple linear regression statistics were used to
understand the trend in the rainfall series. Standardize Precipitation Index (SPI) was employed
for the comprehensive quantification of three important properties of flood namely frequency,
duration, and magnitude on twelve (12) months scale. Annual rainfall spanning a period of fifty
(50) climatological years was obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET)
Oshodi, Lagos and was subjected to SPI model to reveal the occurrences of floods over the years
under study. The results of trend analysis revealed positive trend over the two stations but
statistically not significant at 95% confidence level. The increasing rainfall trend has a
repercussion on the incidence of flood. While findings of SPI analysis explicitly revealed that the
study area is generally replete with all categories of floods ranging from mild, moderate, severe
and extreme. The findings could be helpful to agencies like state emergency management agency
(SEMA) on purposeful developmental planning process, decision-making and proactive
management of the flood disaster. The research concludes that flood occurs variably time by time
in specific periods

RURAL LIVESTOCK FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN YAMALTU-DEBA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Ibrahim Danjuma Yusuf, Idoma Kim, Abass Bashir — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study assessed the Adaptation Strategies of Rural Livestock Farmers to Climate Variability in
the Yamaltu-Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria. It sought to analyze the trend
of climatic variations, examine predominant practices of livestock farming, investigate livestock
farmers’ perception of the impact of climate variability on livestock production and assess the
adaptation strategies of livestock farmers to climate variability in the study area. Multi-stage
sampling technique was used to sample 9 communities for the study. Data for the study were
elicited via a structured questionnaire and Key Informant Interviews. The study used descriptive
statistics in the analysis. Results obtained showed that 63% of livestock farmers were males, 48%
had informal education and 35% were from Tera ethnic group. In addition, the trend analysis of
rainfall and temperature of Yamaltu-Deba indicated low and unpredictable rainfall and hightemperature fluctuations. The impact of climate change on livestock production in the study area
is generally perceived to be negative. Reduction in livestock numbers is the most widely used
adaptation strategy. The study concludes that though farmers in the study area are facing stiff
challenges due to climate change, various strategies have been adopted to cope with these
changes, which can help to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on livestock production.
The study recommends among others that policymakers should provide support to farmers in the
form of training, access to credit, and provision of inputs to enable them to effectively cope with
the challenges of climate variability and change

ASSESSEMENT OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSTRAINTS OF RICE FARMERS IN YAMALTU-DEBA LGA, GOMBE STATE NIGERIA.

Ahmed Kafayat, Kim Idoma, Ismail T. Musa,, Sulaiman S. Amina — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Agricultural growth is essential for fostering economic development and feeding of the growing
populations. Increasing agriculture productivity will lead to an increase in incomes, reducing
poverty levels and improving the living conditions of rural communities. This paper aim to assess
the socioeconomic characteristics and challanges of rural rice farmers in Yamaltu-Deba LGA,
Gombe State Nigeria. The methodology used involved data collection from 351 farmers selected
by simple random sampling technique from five (5) wards, two (2) in Deba and three (3) in Yamaltu
emirate all in Yamaltu-Deba LGA using structured questionnaire and focus group discussion
(FGD). Descriptive statistics and Four-point Likert scale with a 2.5 mean decision rule were use
for data analysis. The result shows that the majority of the farmers were male (96%), married (77
%), and aged between 40-59 years. The level of education shows that most of the farmers (51.3%)
obtained Arabic education and with 6-10 years (27.6%) of farming experience. According to the
ranking of constraints faced by farmers on rice production, 92.9% of farmers strongly agreed that
the high cost of fertilizer ranks 1st, low capital (88.3%) ranks 2nd, and low access to credit ranks
3rd among the problems. The least important problems affecting rice farmers are insufficient
market, insufficient land, and inadequate storage which ranked 9th, 10th, and 11th position. High
cost of fertilizer, low capital and low access to credits were the major challenges facing rice
farmers in the study area. It was recommended that policies that would enhance farmers` access
to fertilizers, capital, credit facilities, improved seeds, herbicides, and land would likely enhance
rice production and reduce poverty levels among rice farmers in the study area and region at
large.

ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY PATTERNS IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Inadequate domestic water services pose significant challenges in developing nations due to
population growth, urbanization, and improved living standards. Gombe Metropolis, experiencing
rapid urban development and population expansion, serves as a pertinent in the study area. This
paper examines the domestic water supply dynamics within Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria, with a
focus on its associated challenges and patterns. Multi-stage sampling approach were utilized, the
research identifies diverse water sources employed for household purposes in the region. Findings
reveal that a mere 15.25% of households have access to piped bore water, while a substantial 39%
depend on a combination of public and private boreholes, underscoring substantial private
investments in water infrastructure. Socio-economic and demographic factors, including income,
education, occupation, and family size, emerged as key determinants of household water access,
exacerbating disparities in the study area's water supply. This suggests an inequitable distribution
of water supply sources within the metropolis. The conclusion of the study is that there is a need
for targeted interventions to ensure equal access to clean water across all areas of the city. The
study recommended that the government prioritize investment in infrastructure to improve water
distribution systems, particularly in underserved areas and raise awareness and educate residents
about water conservation practices to reduce overall water consumption and further alleviate strain
on the city's water resources.

ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF DETERMINING OF THE ONSET OF RAINY SEASON IN SUDANO SAHEL SAVANAH OF NORTH EAST ARID ZONE OF NIGERIA

Ahmed Abubakar Jajere, Adam Modu Abbas, Aminu Bara Adamu, Faiza Doho — Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the recent time the ability of farmer to predict onset of rainfall is very essential as a result of
irregularities of weather and climate condition due to issue of global climate change. This paper
was design to assess the significance of indigenous knowledge on prediction of rainfall onset
period to local farmers of Sudano-Sahel Savannah ecological zone of Northeastern Nigeria. Onset
date of the rainy season is one of the key attribute of rainfall that is vital in planning agricultural
activities. This study identify, document and examined the used of indigenous knowledge by local
farmers of Sudano-Sahel Savannah ecological zone of Northeastern Nigeria in determining the
onset of the rainy season in their community. Ten FGDs were conducted in five settlements/sites.
The response of the discussant was analyzed using grounded theory techniques of qualitative data
analysis. The findings of this study revealed that local farmers of study areas are using
astronomical, ecological and metrological indicators to determine their crop farming calendar.
The used of astronomical indicators was done by specialized scholar that calculated the onset
using astronomical techniques, although it was reported by the discussant some used appearance
of some stars to determine the true onset. The most predominantly used indicators are plant
pathology and animal behaviors. Appearance of blossom, flouring and greening of some trees are
indicators of the true onset others arrival of migratory birds, appearance of some inset such as
army ants, flying beetles, scorpions, cricket e.tc. The study highlights the longstanding utilization
of indigenous knowledge by local farmers in their diverse agricultural practices. It is
recommended that integrating this indigenous knowledge with conventional methods could
enhance the capacity of local farmers to adapt to changing climatic patterns and bolster their
overall effectiveness in managing climate change

ANALYSIS OF THE SEX PREFERENCE AND THE FERTILITY BEHAVIOUR OF RURAL-URBAN POPULATION IN BILLIRI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Johnson Egbemudia Dudu Ph.D, Garba Muhammed Bandi — Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Despite the significant campaigns for the equality and desirability of both sexes of children,
empirical evidence and reality indicate that the practice of child-sex preference is still rampant in
Nigeria. Thus, the study analyzed the Sex Preference and the Fertility Behaviour of Rural-Urban
Population in Billiri Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. The research was a crosssectional study using survey design, entailing the use of a copy of a questionnaire administered on
400 respondents, using stratified sampling to select the communities and systematic random
sampling to select the respondents. The data were analysed using frequencies, simple percentages
and Chi-Square. Results indicate that in urban and rural communities, there is still preference for
a male child. More respondents(65%)desire to have only a male child if they are to have only one
child in their life time; 68.8% of respondents would continue giving birth until they have a male
child if they don’t have one; will marry another wife in order to have a male child (70.5%). The
desire to keep the family line and differential roles of males and females are the socio-cultural
factors driving sex preference especially male preference. Preference for sex has led to increase
in family sizes. The study concludes that there is preference for male both in urban and rural
communities as indicated by Chi Square results, hence recommends sensitization of communities
not to choose one sex over the other and the need to raise awareness in our communities to be
more gender responsive.

|EXPLORING THE SOCIO – ECONOMIC ROLE OF CHARCOAL PRODUCTION IN RURAL AREAS OF NORTH–WESTERN NIGERIA

Umaru Bello Sifawa (PhD), Adamu Idris Tanko — Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Charcoal production in rural areas of North Western Nigeria is a form of rural employment, it
provides additional income for rural producers. Urban consumption is the main source of
demand cause of rural charcoal production activities. The aim of this study is to examine the
impacts of charcoal production on income and welfare of the producers in some selected
communities in Zamfara and Sokoto States. To investigate this, 39 charcoal producing rural
communities were identified across the states (sampling frame) and 16 of the communities were
proportionally selected using simple random sampling, where a total of 160 charcoal producers
were selected as respondents to form sample for the study. Data were collected through the use
of field visits, closed ended - questionnaire and FGD while ddescriptive statistics were used to
analyse the data. The study revealed twenty woody species use for charcoal production in the
study area. Income from charcoal and increasing urban demands were the driving forces for
engaging in charcoal production. Respondents produced an average output of 1755kg (39bags)
of charcoal and earn an income of N46, 800 monthly. Thus charcoal production is a source extra
income, family food security and poverty coping strategy in the area but the method of
production is detrimental to the woody plant cover. The study recommends that Zamfara and
Sokoto state Governments must strengthen their forestry management agencies by employing
local more vigilante as forest guards and they must control all charcoal activities through
registration. The Federal and the State Governments must subsidize the cost of modern domestic
fuels, this is to make them affordable and lower than the cost of wood based energy sources

Climatic History of Gombe Division, 1928-1967

Usman Isah Ya’u — Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

There has been growing interest in the study of climate and climate change by geographers, among
other science-based scholars around the world. In spite of the growing interest and research on
climate and other related issues, the climatic history of Gombe Division (now called Gombe State)
has not been properly reconstructed and documented by geographers, who quite often study
comparatively recent prevailing climatic conditions in the State. Adopting historical methodology,
this paper traces the climatic history of Gombe to 1928, when the first Meteorological Station in
Gombe was established by the British colonial officers, who used certain instruments and
techniques in collating, recording and documenting weather conditions in qualitative and
quantitative terms. This paper reconstructs the climatic history of Gombe Division from 1928 to
1967 based largely on fragmentary but primary meteorological records found in the National
Archives, Kaduna. From available meteorological records, the paper has established that the
Division has historically experienced certain climatic fluctuations in the cycle of its seasons and
the nature of its weather, manifesting sometimes in droughts, flash floods and rising temperatures
during the period. The changing weather conditions in the Division is part of environmental
history that ought to be holistically studied and understood in relation to other parts of Nigeria
and the world. This paper recommends for interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary approach in the
study of climatic and environmental issues around the globe.